ASTM A312 Umuyoboro w'icuma kitagira ibara

ASTM A312 ipfuka umuyoboro w’icuma kitagira umurongo udafise umurongo, ushizwemwo amabuye, kandi ukonnye cane-ukoreshwa n’umuyoboro w’icuma kitagira ibara ku bijanye n’ugusenyuka no gutera ubushuhe burengeye -ubushuhe burengeye ubw’ugutunganya imiti, gutunganya, gukura umunyu, no gupima-vy’ibikorwa vy’ibiterwa; ubushuhe{5}}ubuhinduzi/ubushuhe bw'amazi ahubwo bugwa munsi ya A213/A269, imirongo y'isuku munsi ya A270, kandi ibipimo bikunda gukurikira ASME B36.19M (Sch 5S/10S/40S/80S); mu bikoresho bifise chloride-bifise canke bifise umwuka, amazi yo mu kiyaga-imirongo y’ugukonjesha iri hafi, n’imigambi yo gusubira gusanura ishira imbere isuku n’igihe co gukora, amahitamwo y’urugero rwa A312 n’uguheza ku ruhande ni ngirakamaro cane.

Amategeko menshi y’ugugura yibanda ku muryango mutoyi w’amanota. Kabiri-ikimenyetso nk'304/304Lcanke316/316Lvyorosha gusudira hafi y’i HAZ mu gihe bizigama intumbero z’inkomezi mu murongo umwe w’ibikoresho.

Imbonerahamwe 1 - Amanota rusangi ya A312 n'ikoreshwa risanzwe

* Ububoneka n’ubutunzi biratandukanye bivanye n’akarere n’inzira y’insyo.

Koresha iyo mibare kugira ngo umuntu asuzumwe hakiri kare; ibisabwa vya nyuma bitegerezwa gukurikiza ibitabu vya ASTM/ASME bishasha be n’ivyo umuguzi avuga.

Imbonerahamwe 2 - Ivyerekana ubuhinga bwa shimi (uburemere%)

Imbonerahamwe 3 - Ubushuhe bukeyi bwo mu cumba-ubushuhe busanzwe

Imibare y'imiterere ivana n'imihangayiko yemerewe n'ubushuhekuva ku makode akoreshwa aho kuva ku mibare y'ubushuhe bwo mu cumba- gusa.

Ingano z'imiyoboro akenshi zikurikiraASME B36.19M. Guhitamwo5S/10S/40S/80Surutonde rukwiye guhuza umukazo, uburenganzira bwo gusenyuka, n’uburyo bwo gusudira. Kugira ngo inyubako igende neza, imigambi myinshi ihitamwo ibice vy’uburebure buke -kugeza kuri-kugira ngo bigabanye ibice vy’uburebure bwo mu murima. Iherezo ry’ugutegura rihuye n’urufatiro: ry’uruzitiro canke ry’inzira-ricitse ku bikorwa vy’inzira n’ivy’inzira, ry’inzira y’inzira y’inzira, ry’inzira y’inzira. Igihe ugusudira canke ugupima gusohoka kw’amazi biteguwe, OD n’ukwihangana kw’uruhome gukomeye birafasha kugabanya ugushwiragira kw’ibintu. Amahitamwo yo ku ruhande harimwo ivy’ugutegura/ugutera ivyatsi cankeumuco-washaje (BA); imigambi ifise isuku rikomeye canke ububabare buke ku ID ikwiye gusobanura ingero zo guheza n'ukwemera.

Izo nzira zompi ni iza A312 kandi zishobora kwigenza mu buryo bungana mu bikorwa iyo ubushuhe n’ubuhinga bwa NDE bigaragajwe neza. Welded (ERW/EFW) itanga ubushobozi n’igiciro ciza mu NPS nini n’imigenderanire miremire, igihe cose imirongo ifise umuti wuzuye-ushizweko umuti kandi udakora. Igikoresho kitagira umugozi ni co gikunda gukundwa aho ibihe vy’umukazo, ibigobe bikomeye, canke ibigobe bikomeye bisaba ubukomezi bwinshi. Urupapuro rw’amakuru rukwiye gusobanura inzira yemewe n’igenzura ryerekana ko ringana n’igikorwa gitegekanijwe.

Ivyuma vy’indege A312 bishobora kuroranirwa bitangura mu iduka aho gutangura mu bikorwa. Igikoresho c’umuyoboro w’ivyuma bitagira ibara gikwiye gusiga ibikorwa mu buryo bushitse-bukozwe kandi bukonjeshejwe ningoga kugira ngo ivyuma vy’ivyuma vyitwa chromium carbides bisubire gusenyuka maze ivyuma bimwe bimwe vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bisubire gusenyuka. Aho hakoreshwa umuyoboro w’amabuye, imirongo izana mu nzira imwe-y’ugusudira; igice canke ivy’aho hantu biracika intege kubera ko bisiga imiterere mito mito ivanze n’inyishu y’ugusenyuka idahuye.

Ubutungane bwo ku ruhande buracungirwa nk’urutonde: guhingura, gusukura, gutuma bidakora, no kugenzura. Ibara ry’ubushuhe, ivyuma bishizwemwo be n’ibisigazwa vy’ivyuma bita chlorure ni vyo bintu bitatu bikunze gutuma umuntu agira uburozi butarashika. Niba hari ibara ryose risigaye inyuma yo gusudira, rikureho mu buryo bw’amashini hanyuma usubiremwo iyo filime idakora hakoreshejwe imiti nk’uko bisobanurwa mu nsiguro y’umugambi (benshi mu bafise iyo nzu barakoresha imigenzo y’inganda nk’iya ASTM A380/A967). Ku bikorwa bisaba ID iryoshe cane canke impengamiro y’ugutera ivyatsi, igicuruzwa gica ibibatsi-gishobora gusobanurwamwo hamwe n’ingingo ngenderwako zo kwemera ku bijanye n’uguheza ID n’isuku.

Weld-ibikorwa vy'inyuma kenshi bivana cane n'indero y'uburyo kuruta ku guhitamwo amanota. Gukoresha L-grades canke grades zigumye hafi y’ibipfukisho bifasha kunanira ugutahura; ivyiza vyinshi -ugusukura gazi idakora ku ID bigabanya ubushuhe n’urugero rw’ivyuma; kandi gusukura neza inyuma ya-ugusudira birabuza ahantu h’imihengeri. Ibikoresho n’ibimenyeshamakuru bitegerezwa kuba bitagira ibara-gusa-carbon-amaboroshe y’icuma, amabara, canke inkungugu yo gusya bishobora gushiramwo icuma c’ubuntu gica kigira umugese kandi kigasenyura iyo filime idakora.

Isuku n’ukuzigama ni vyo bifunga uruzitiro. Sigura ingene iyo ID isukurwa, ikayumwa, kandi igakingirwa, ingene ibipfukisho vy’iherezo bishirwako, n’ingene imizigo izingiwe kugira ngo igenzure ukuntu kloride ifatwa be n’ukuntu ibintu biyinjira mu gihe co kubika no kurungika. Ivyemezo ngirakamaro vyashizweho kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gutanga birimwo ibiharuro vy’ubushuhe-, amakuru y’ugutuma umuntu adakora, ibisubizo vy’isuku ry’indangamuntu, kandi iyo bigaragajwe, ivyerekeye ububabare canke ubuhumane bw’ivyuma-. Iyo ivyo bigenzura vyanditswe mu rupapuro rw’amakuru kandi bikaba bishirwa mu ngiro mu buryo budahinduka, imirongo ya A312 ikozwe mu buryo bungana mu murima kandi iguma ishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka mu kiringo kirekire.

Aho kugira urutonde rw’amasasu, niwiyumvire ibimenyamenya. Ikintu kimwe kigaragaza ubutungane bw’umuvuduko (ikigeragezo c’umuyagankuba w’amazi canke udashobora gusenyura kuri A312). Ikindi cemeza uruhome n’indangamuntu bikomeza (eddy-ubu canke UT hejuru y’uburebure bwa 100% ku mirongo y’ingenzi). Aho gutera ubwoba ari akaga, uburyo bwo gutera ivyatsi hagati y’ibihimba (ASTM A262) burashirwako. PMI igenzura akaranga k’ivyuma ku migwi. Ivyo bitabo bitanga uburyo bwo gukurikirana MTC kuva ku bushuhe gushika ku ntungamubiri, n’ingingo ngenderwako zo kwemera n’uburyo bwo gutanga raporo vyemejwe muri ITP. Iyo nyen’itongo abisavye, uwundi muntu agira gatatu-ugushingira intahe (nk’akarorero,BV, SGS) birashobora gutunganirizwa.

Imbonerahamwe 4 - Urupapuro rw'amakuru n'ivyinjijwe bisanzwe

Ku migambi yubatswe hafi y’ASTM A312 icuma kitagira ibara, Umuyoboro w'umunani304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H n’ibice bidasanzwe vyatowe bifise umuti-ivyo guheza, gutera/gutera, guca -ku-uburebure bw’igikorwa n’inyandiko zihuye n’umugambi ITP. Igenzura ry'uwundi muntu yigenga-rishobora gutunganirizwa ku busabe.

IKIBAZO CA 1: Ni igiki ASTM A312 (ASME SA312) umuyoboro w’icuma kitagira ibara ukoreshwa?
A1:Ni umuyoboro w'icuma kitagira ibara w'ubushuhe bwinshi-n'imiyoboro rusangi y'ubumara.

Ikibazo ca 2: Nohitamwo gute hagati ya TP304/304L na TP316/316L ku bijanye n’umuyoboro wa ASTM A312?
A2:Hitamwo 304/304L ku bijanye n’ugusenyuka muri rusangi; hitamwo 316/316L kugira ngo ushobore guhangana n’ibinogo/ibinogo mu ma chlorides.

IKIBAZO CA 3: Ni igiki nosaba kugira ngo menye neza uburyo bw’imiyoboro ya ASTM A312 imbere yo kugura?
A3:Saba MTC/ugukurikirana, ibisubizo vy’igerageza ry’amazi canke NDE, PMI, n’igerageza ryose ry’ugusenyuka (nk’akarorero, ASTM A262) hamwe n’isuzuma ry’ingero/iherezo.

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