ASTM A213 T9/T11/T22/T91 Ivyuma vy'ivyuma n'ivyuma bitagira ibara vy'amaboteri n'ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe

Aho Izo Tube Zikora Neza (N'Igituma Stainless Kenshi Itsinda)

Amaboteri y’amashanyarazi, HRSGs, amaboteri y’amavuta, n’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe bikomeye vyose bishingiye ku mirongo y’amazi idafise umurongo ASTM A213/SA213. Iyo chloride-ifise amazi y’umunyu, inzinguzingu zikunda gutonyanga n’iz’umwuma, canke ibisabwa vy’isuku bikomeye biri ku meza,austenitic ibice bitagira ibara (urutonde rwa TP)n’ugukunda gukora neza kuruta chrome-moly ferritic grades kubera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka n’ugusenyuka, guheza neza imbere, no gusukura vyoroshe. Ubushuhe bwinshi-, igikorwa cyumye n'imirongo y'ugukwegakwega ikomeye iracarihoT-amanotamu rukino-cane cane ku mabanki y'ibikoresho vy'ubushuhe n'ivy'ubushuhe.

Ikoreshwa risanzwe:

Ivyuma bitagira ibara (TP304/304H, TP316L/316H, TP321/321H, TP347/347H): ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, ibikoresho bishushanya amazi, ibikoresho bitera ubushuhe canke bigendagenda.

Ivyuma vy’ivyuma (T9, T11, T22, T91): ibice vy’ivyuma bishushe cane/ivyuma bisubira gushushanya n’imitwe aho inkomezi z’ugukwegakwega z’igihe kirekire-ziganza.

astm a213 sa213 seamless tubing bundles t11 t22 t91-octal pipe chrome moly boiler tubing sa213 t22 t91 packed for shipment-octal pipe

Guhitamwo ivyuma bitagira ibara n'ivyuma -Moly: Inzira ngirakamaro

Uburyo bworoshe bwo gufata ingingo ni ugukora ikarita .hagati + ubushuhe + intego y'ubuzimaku muryango w’abanyeshure.

Imbonerahamwe 1 – Ivyiyumviro vy'uguhitamwo vyihuse

Ikimenyetso c'umurimo	Umuryango wa TP utagira ibara (ibisanzwe)	Umuryango wa Ferritic T (uwusanzwe)
Chlorides / inzinguzingu z'amazi-umye / isuku	TP316L/316H; TP304/304H iyo hari amavuta make	Ntibikundwa
Gucungera ugutahura ku bushuhe bwinshi	TP321/321H (Igikoresho co guhagarara neza); TP347/347H	-
Igihugu gikomeye cane (umye, gazi ishushe cane)	TP347H/321H mu bibazo vyatoranijwe	T91 > T22 > T11 ≈ T9.
Ico kibazo gitoyi co gutera imyobo mu bikorwa vy'amazi y'ikiyaga	TP316L (Igikoresho co gutwara)	-
Igiciro-ubushobozi ku bikorwa bishushe biringaniye	TP304/304H	T11/T22 (igihe uburozi ari buke)

Ivyerekeye umugambi vyama bitsinda; imeza ni inzira ngufi yo gusuzuma hakiri kare.

Ivyiyumviro bitagira ibara mu kubona (Urutonde rwa TP)

Imbonerahamwe ya 2 – Amahitamwo asanzwe y’imiyoboro y’amazi atagira ibara munsi ya A213

Igipimo	Ibintu nyamukuru vy'ubuhinga bwa shimi	Ico ari ciza kuri	Ibikorwa bisanzwe
TP304 / 304H	~18Cr{3}}8Ni (H=ubushuhe bwinshi bw'umuyagankuba)	Ubuhinga bwagutse; gusukura ahantu; guhingura neza	Condensateur/ubushuhe-imigwi y'ibihinduranya, ibishushanya
TP316L / 316H	Yongerako ~2–3% Mo; L=hasi C; H=hejuru-ubushuhe	Ivyiza vyo guhangana n'ibinogo/ibinogo vs 304/304H	Amazi y'ikiyaga-akonjesha hafi, ibinyamakuru vya kloride
TP321 / 321H	Ti-yahagaze	Gucungera ugutahura ku bushuhe burengeye	Ivyuma bishushe cane, ibihindura ubushuhe bwinshi-
TP347 / 347h	Nb-yahagaze	Ivyo bisa n’ivya 321; idirisha rikomeye ry'uguhagarara	Ifuru/ibitoro n'ubushuhe bugendagendaH-amanota agendereye ubushuhe burengeye-ubukomezi; L-grades zigamije ubushobozi bwo gusudira no guhangana n’ugutera ubwoba mu bikorwa vy’amazi.

Ivyuma vy'ivyuma "T" mu bihe

Imbonerahamwe ya 3 – Aho T9, T11, T22, T91 bikunda gushika

Igipimo	Iciyumviro (izina)	Inkomezi ziboneka (zishushe)	Uruhara rusanzwe
T11	~1.25Cr-0.5Mo	Umurongo w'intango	Ubushuhe buringaniye-ubushuhe/ubushuhe-imiyoboro y'uguhinduranya
T22	~2.25Cr-1Ukwezi	↑ na T11	Amabanki ashushe cane; igiciro-igiciro c'ugukwegakwega
T9	~9Cr-1Mo (ivyuma)	Itsinda risa n'irya T22	Hitamwo ibikorwa bishushe n'ibice vy'inzira
T91	9Cr{2}}1Mo{3}}V-Nb (ibuye ry'agaciro ry'agaciro)	Hejuru mu itsinda	Ivyiyumviro vy'ugushushanya cane/ugusubira gushushanya

Amafoto y'ubuhinga bwa shimi (Ivyiyumviro)

Imbonerahamwe ya 4 – Ivyuma bitagira ibara (urutonde rwa TP, wt.%)

Igipimo	C (L/H)	Cr	Ni	Mo	Igikomeza
TP304/304H	Muto canke bingana na 0,035 / 0,04–0,10	~18–20	~8–11	-	-
TP316L/316H	Muto canke bingana na 0,035 / 0,04–0,10	~16–18	~10–14	~2.0–3.0	-
TP321/321H	Muto canke bingana na 0,035 / 0,04–0,10	~17–19	~9–13	-	Ti
TP347/347H	Muto canke bingana na 0,035 / 0,04–0,10	~17–19	~9–13	-	Nb/Ta

Imbonerahamwe ya 5 – Ivyuma vy’ivyuma (urutonde rwa T, uburemere%)

Igipimo	C (ubwoko.)	Cr (ubwoko.)	Mo (ubwoko.)	V/Nb/N (igihe bishoboka)
T11	Muto canke bingana na 0.12	~1.0–1.5	~0.44–0.65	-
T22	Muto canke bingana na 0.15	~1.9–2.6	~0.87–1.13	-
T9	Muto canke bingana na 0.15	~8–10	~0.9–1.1	-
T91	0.08–0.12	~8–9.5	~0.85–1.05	V, Nb, N ivyongeweko bitobito

Raba ASTM A213/SA213 nshasha ku bijanye n’imipaka n’ukwihanganira isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa.

Ivy'ubuhinga n'ubushuhe burengeye -Ibipimo (Ivyiyumviro bikeyi ku bushuhe bwo mu cumba)

Imbonerahamwe ya 6 – Ivyerekanwa bikeyi (suzuma kode/itegeko ry’ubu)

Umuryango / Ishure	Ugukomera min	Umusaruro min	Uburebure min
Ivyuma vy'umubiri (nk'akarorero, TP304/316L)	≈ 515 MPa (75 ksi)	≈ 205 MPa (30 ksi)	≈ 35%
TP321/347 (Ibice vya H)	515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 30–35%
T11/T22	≈ 415 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 20%
T91	≈ 585 MPa	≈ 415 MPa	≈ 20%

Ivyiyumviro vyo gukora - Bitagira umurongo gusa (A213 Uburebure)

Inzira:bishushe-birangiye hanyuma bikanye-birangiye ku rugero; idakora kenshi umuti-ushizweko n'bitekejwe/bidakoraku bijanye n’indangamuntu isukuye.
Ubuvuzi bw'ubushuhe:austenitic itagira ibara-umuti wo gutera + gukonja vyihuta; T91-gusanura & gushavura (ku spec); T11/T22-ubuvuzi busanzwe canke busanzwe nk’uko vyavuzwe.
Ubutaka n'isuku:ivyuma bitagira ibara bihora bitangwa n'indangamuntu y'ububabare buke-kugira ngo ubushuhe bugende neza kandi busukure -mu-ahantu.
Igishushanyo:OD/uburebure bukomeye bwo kwihanganira n’ukugororoka bifasha gukoranya imigwi n’ugusudira kw’imirongo-ku-imirongo.
U-ipfukama:n'ibindi bikoreshwa mu guhindura ubushuhe-bifise uburebure bw'ugukomantaza bugenzuwe n'ugukuraho umubabaro iyo bikenewe.

Igerageza n'Igenzura Ukwiye Gusobanura

Imbonerahamwe ya 7 – Ibisabwa rusangi bishingiye kuri A213 (umugambi-ushingiye)

Umutwe	Urutonde rwa TP rutagira ibara	T{0}}uruhererekane (T11/T22/T91)
Igerageza ry'umuyagankuba ry'amazi canke NDE	Itegeko (kimwe canke ikindi)	Itegeko (kimwe canke ikindi)
Inzira y'ubu / amajwi (NDE)	Kenshi bigaragazwa ko 100% bipfutse	Kenshi bigaragazwa ko 100% bipfutse
Gusaza / gusha / igerageza ry'ibara ry'agahama	Nk'uko vyavuzwe na A213	Nk'uko vyavuzwe na A213
Ingano y'intete (austenitique)	Bisabwa aho bishoboka	-
Igerageza ry'ugusenyuka hagati y'utugingo ngengabuzima (IGC)	Ku rutonde (nk'akarorero, uburyo bwa ASTM A262)	-
Gucungera ubukomezi	Kenshi ni amakuru	Birakenewe cane kuri T91 ku buryo bwose
PMI n'inyandiko	PMI ku migwi; Ibipapuro vyose vya MTC	PMI ku migwi; Ibipapuro vyose vya MTC

Ububoneka bw'ingero (Igikoresho c'imiyoboro y'umunani)

Imbonerahamwe ya 8 – Ibahasha ry'ibikoresho (umugambi-wihariye)

Parametere	Urutonde rwa TP rutagira ibara	T{0}}uruhererekane (T11/T22/T91)
Inyuma y'umurongo	~12.7–114.3 mm (1⁄2 in–41⁄2 in)	Urutonde rusa n'urwo
Uburebure bw'uruhome	~1.24–12.7 mm (ku rutonde/igishushanyo)	~2–16 mm (inkuta ziremereye zirakenewe.)
Uburebure	Gushika ku metero 12 bimenyerewe; kata-ku-uburebure	Gushika ku metero 12 bisanzwe
Guheza	Ivyatsi/vyashizwe mu mazi, vyasukuwe ku bisabwa	Iherezo ry'ibisanzwe/ry'uburakari
Tube irahera	Iherezo ry’ikiyaya; umurongo-ku-ugutegura urupapuro rw'umurongo	Iherezo ry’ikiyaya; n'aho req

Urutonde rwo gusuzuma (Ivyo gushiramwo mu rupapuro rw'amakuru)

Igitigiri n’ingene bimeze: TP304/316L/321/347 (L/H nk’uko bikenewe) canke T11/T22/T91 n’ubushuhe busabwa.
Ingano: OD, uruhome, uburebure bw’ibice; U-bend radii n'ukwihangana kw'amaguru nimba bishoboka.
Ubushuhe buvugwa n’imbere: umuti wo gutera + gutera/gutera (utagira ibara); gusanura/gushavura (nk’uko bibereye).
Gahunda ya NDE: igerageza ry’amazi canke ry’umuyagankuba; 100% y’umuriro/UT iyo bisabwe; ingingo zo kwemera.
Gucungera uburozi: IGC igerageza ku bipimo bigumye iyo bigaragajwe; imipaka y’ivyo bita kloride; porotokole y’isuku.
Ivyandiko: MTC ku EN 10204 (nk’akarorero, 3.1), gukurikirana, gupakira, gushirako ikimenyetso.
Uwugira gatatu-: gushingira intahe/ugusuzumabiraboneka ku busabe(BV, SGS n’ibindi).

IBIBAZO bibazwa

IKIBAZO CA 1: Nohitamwo gute hagati y’ibipimo vya TP bitagira ibara n’ibipimo vya chrome-moly T bishingiye kuri ASTM A213/SA213?
A1:Koresha amanota ya TP ku bijanye n’ibikorwa vy’amazi/ivy’umwanda canke vy’isuku n’ivy’isuku; koresha T grades iyo yumye ubushuhe bwinshi-inkomezi zo gukwegakwega ni co kintu nyamukuru kivyura.

IKIBAZO CA 2: Ni itandukaniro irihe riri hagati y’imiyoboro ya SA213 T11, T22, na T91?
A2:T11 ni umurongo w’ishimikiro w’ubushuhe buringaniye, T22 yongerako umurongo w’ugukwegakwega ku bice bishushe cane, na T91 ikoreshwa ku gikorwa co gushushanya/gusubira gushushanya ubushuhe bwinshi cane.

IKIBAZO CA 3: Ni ibihe bipimo n’inyandiko nshobora gusaba ku bijanye n’imiyoboro ya ASTM A213/SA213?
A3:Saba igerageza ry’amazi canke igerageza ry’umuyagankuba rya NDE, 100% y’umuriro w’amazi/UT nimba bisabwa, PMI, na EN 10204 3.1 MTC yuzuye irimwo amakuru y’ubushuhe-y’ubuvuzi.

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